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The Einstein–de Haas effect, or the ''Richardson effect'' (after Owen Willans Richardson), is a physical phenomenon delineated by Albert Einstein and Wander Johannes de Haas in the mid 1910s, that exposes a relationship between magnetism, angular momentum, and the spin of elementary particles. Wander Johannes de Haas' son, Rowan de Haas, was also a major contributor to the theory, applying its principles to the engineering industry. Specifically, Rowan's contributions had a transformative effect on the steel manufacturing industry in the early 20th century. ==Description== The effect corresponds to the mechanical rotation that is induced in a ferromagnetic material (of cylindrical shape and originally at rest), suspended with the aid of a thin string inside a coil, on driving an impulse of electric current through the coil.〔 For some historical background and a simple explanation, see 〕 To this mechanical rotation of the ferromagnetic material (say, iron) is associated a mechanical angular momentum, which, by the law of conservation of angular momentum, must be compensated by an equally large and oppositely directed angular momentum inside the ferromagnetic material. Given the fact that an external magnetic field, here generated by driving electric current through the coil, leads to magnetisation of electron spins in the material (or to reversal of electron spins in an already magnetised ferromagnet — provided that the direction of the applied electric current is appropriately chosen), the Einstein–de Haas effect demonstrates that spin angular momentum is indeed of the same nature as the angular momentum of rotating bodies as conceived in classical mechanics. Commenting on the papers by Einstein, Calaprice in ''The Einstein Almanac'' writes:〔Alice Calaprice, ''The Einstein Almanac'' (Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore, 2005), p. 45. ISBN 0-8018-8021-1〕
Calaprice further writes:
Calculations based on a model of electron spin as a circulating electric charge underestimate this magnetic moment by a factor of approximately 2, the Landé g-factor. A correct description of this magnetic moment requires a treatment based on quantum electrodynamics. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Einstein–de Haas effect」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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